Elias Fries

1794-1878.

Botanist, mycologist.

Elias Fries came from Femsjö in Småland and was the son of the minister Thore Fries and Sara Elisabeth Wernelin. He became one of the leading figures in mycology, producing writings that are still of scientific importance today.

Fries originally studied at Lund University and became an associate professor of botany at the age of 20.

He later moved to Uppsala University and in 1851 became Professor of Practical Economics and Botany. He was also prefect of the botanical garden and museum there.

Fries was particularly interested in the study of fungi, but his research touched on all areas of botany. His most influential work was Systema mycologicum, which was Fries' plant systematics work on fungi. Other mycological works were Elenchusfungorum and Hymenomycetes europaei.

Fries promoted the use of mushrooms as food, through the poster Sweden's edible and poisonous mushrooms. The interest in mycology was passed on to several of the children. For example, his son and daughter, Elias Petrus and Susanna (Sanna) Christina, drew several mushroom plates, several of which are preserved in Uppsala.

Fries also published the popular science essays Botaniska utflygter (1-3, 1843-1864).

In addition to being a university rector, Elias Fries was also a member of parliament and became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1847.

Title page from Elias Fries "Sveriges Ätliga och Giftiga Svampar", Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm, 1860. Photo: Bukowskis Auktioner AB.

Spread from Elias Fries "Sveriges Ätliga och Giftiga Svampar", Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm, 1860. Photo: Bukowskis Auktioner AB.

Burial site: 0103-0185

Image description: Elias Fries, Uppsala 1860s. Photo: UUBThe image is cropped]
Click here for an uncropped image

 

 

Adolph Törneros

1794-1839.

Author, humanist, philologist.

Adolph Törneros was born in Eskilstuna on Christmas Eve 1794. At the age of 12 he began to earn a living as a private tutor and was enrolled at Uppsala University in 1812, later becoming professor of aesthetics in 1829 and of Latin in 1832.

Törneros spent most of his life as an academic teacher of Latin and in the literary circle of Geijer and Atterbom, who were among his closest friends.

Törneros is one of the foremost letter-writers in Swedish literature and was one of the foremost travel writers of his time. From the city of learning, Törneros longed every spring for the countryside, where from spring to autumn equinox, in his many letters, he described the impressions of his travels in the central Swedish summer landscape around Lake Mälaren.

The landscapes and environments are drawn with great detail, and the adventures and hardships are described in particularly lively and vivid language. In a letter to his mother dated December 29, 1828, he describes his walk from his home to the Geijer family at half past six on Christmas Eve 1828:

 

"The snow creaked harshly under the galoshes - a twenty-degree chill bit like a shark at the tip of the nose and earlobes and fingertips - the starry sky stared down with grim eyes over the earth, which was dressed in white as if for the weekend - Orion, just climbed out of the southeast, sparkled so that one seemed to hear it - the moon [sic] was still lying and tumbling in the tidal waters, but splashed up unseen a cascade of rays."

Adolph Törneros was described as outwardly gangly, with a slender birdlike profile. His friend Atterbom found "in the quick mobility of the figure and the flying speed of the gait, an unmistakable impression of a bird".

Törneros spent his last Christmas with the Atterbom family. Törneros then fell ill and died at home three weeks later of what was described as a form of typhus. Geijer said:

 

"He had too little ballast, so he flew away from us".

 

Burial site: 0112-0557

Image description: Portrait of Adolph Törneros. Unknown master, oil painting from the 1830s. Photo: UUBThe image is cropped]
Click here for an uncropped image

 

 

Carl Peter Thunberg

1743-1828.

Botanist, doctor.

In 1770, after studying with Carl Linnaeus, Carl Peter Thunberg embarked on a nine-year trip abroad that began in the Netherlands. There Thunberg met the most prominent botanists of the time.

Thunberg then studied medicine in Paris before sailing from the Netherlands to Cape Town as a ship's doctor, staying for three years to explore the nature of the area. These studies were documented in Flora capensis (1-3, 1807-1813). Thunberg was the first to describe the flora of South Africa and has therefore been called the father of South African flora.

In 1775 Thunberg continued to Japan where he collected material for his Flora japonica (1784). The work was epoch-making for the knowledge of Japan's plant world and Thunberg received the honorary name Japan's Linnaeus.

Plate of Japanese maple taken from Icones plantarum Japonicarum [plate 5 part V, 1805]. Photo: UUB.

Illustration (frontispiece) from Voyages de C. P. Thunberg au Japon [...], tome I, Paris, An. IV [1796]. Photo: UUB.

In 1779 Thunberg returned to Uppsala and in 1784 succeeded Carl Linnaeus the Younger as professor of medicine and botany.

Thunberg also published Resa uti Europa, Africa, Asia förrättad åren 1770-1779 (1-4, 1788-1793). The collections from the trips were deposited at the University Library.

Carl Peter Thunberg's farm Tunaberg north of Svartbäcken in Uppsala, where he lived for the rest of his long life, was known for its excellent horticultural crops well into the 1940s.

 

Burial site: 0101-0103

Image description: Portrait Carl Peter Thunberg, 1808, artist Pehr Krafft the Younger. Photo: Mikael Wallerstedt / GustavianumThe image is cropped]
Click here for an uncropped image

 

 

Hans Järta

1774-1847.

Civil servant, politician, author.

Hans Järta (originally Baron Hans Hierta) became a student in Uppsala at the age of 13, an official in the Cabinet for Foreign Correspondence at the age of 18, and a secretary in the Judicial Audit Department four years later.

At the age of eighteen, Järta was hanging out with the men in the conspiracy against King Gustav III. Järta was at the masquerade ball in 1792 when the shot against Gustav III was fired. Afterwards, Järta gave some misleading information about the shooting, but there is only circumstantial evidence as to whether he was involved in the actual assassination plan. Nor was he ever accused of involvement in the murder.

Järta renounced both his nobility and his parliamentary position at the Riksdag in 1800 in protest against Gustav IV Adolf and the monarchical autocracy and took the name Järta (the family name was Hierta).

Järta was one of the men behind the 1809 coup d'état and, after the king's abdication, was one of the leaders in the Riksdag that year. He was secretary to the Constitutional Committee during the drafting of the 1809 Constitution.

Järta was also governor of Kopparbergs län 1812-1822, a member of the Swedish Academy in 1819 and moved to Uppsala in 1825 where he worked as a writer. In Uppsala, Järta held a literary salon, which competed with Malla Silfverstolpe's salon.

Järta later became head of the National Archives from 1837-1844.

The tall gravestone that adorns the cemetery refers to his son of the same name, who died as a young student in 1825.

 

Burial site: 0112-0588

Image description: Hans Järta. Photo: From Emil Hildebrand, History of Sweden up to the twentieth century, vol 9 (1910) / Wikimedia Commons. [The image is cropped]
Click here for an uncropped image

 

 

Carl Hard

1768-1840.

Major General.

Carl Hård was born on Jällsta farm in Viksta parish and became a lieutenant in the Uppland regiment at the age of 20. He took part in the Finnish War of 1788-1790 and distinguished himself in the first battle of Svensksund in 1789. The following year Hård took part in the naval battle of Hamina, a battle commanded by Gustav III.

As a major, Hård took part in the siege of Stralsund in 1807, the siege of Liers Skans in Norway in 1808 and the defense of Sävar and Ratan in 1809. At the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, he commanded the regiment as lieutenant colonel and was later appointed colonel of the army. He then took part in the march to Brussels and the campaign to Norway.

Carl Hård became a major general in 1822 and retired in 1835. In addition to his military career, Hård was an art collector and during his last years he lived in Uppsala near Fyrisån (later Ofvandalska gården). In Uppsala he spent time in the academic circles around Geijer and Atterbom.

Hård's art collection, consisting of around one hundred oil paintings, was later donated to Uppsala University. The donation laid the foundation for the Uppsala University Art Museum.

 

Burial site: 0103-0177

Image description: Portrait of Carl Hård painted by J.G. Sandberg. Photo: National Archives / Swedish Biographical Dictionary. [The image is cropped]
Click here for an uncropped image

 

Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom

1790-1855.

Author, literary historian, philosopher.

At the age of 17, Atterbom became one of the leading members of the Musis Amici society (later the Aurora Society), which sought to reform Swedish literature in a neo-Romantic spirit.

The literary revolution that Atterbom wanted to lead began in 1810 with the critical and satirical journal Polyphemus. Together with V.F. Palmblad, he started the journal Phosforus, which claimed poetry as a spiritual force capable of transforming life.

With his friends Geijer, Palmblad and Törneros, Atterbom had an amiable and soulful family relationship, and in Malla Silfverstolpe's salons, Atterbom and other Romantics were intimately at home for decades.

Atterbom became professor of theoretical philosophy in 1828, professor of aesthetics and modern literature in 1835 and was also a member of the Swedish Academy from 1839.

His works include the fairy tale play Fågel Blå (1814), the lyrical fairy tale play Lycksalighetens ö (1824-1827) and Samlade dikter (1837-1838). In Svenska siare och skalder (1841-1845), Swedenborg, Ehrensvärd and Thorild are portrayed. Stiernhielm, Dahlin, Kellgren and Bellman are also portrayed.

 

Burial site: 0152-0060

Image description: Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom, painting by Johan Gustaf Sandberg 1831, Photo: Nationalmuseum / Wikimedia Commons. [The image is cropped]
Click here for an uncropped image

 

 

Malla silver post

1782-1861.

Salon hostess, author.

Magdalena (Malla) Silfverstolpe was left motherless at an early age and grew up with her mother's relatives on the family estate Edsberg. She and her husband David Silfverstolpe moved to Uppsala in 1812 and quickly settled into the stimulating academic and white environment.

After her husband's death in 1819, Silfverstolpe began to 'hold a salon' on Friday evenings for the higher society of the time, attended by people from the cultural and scientific circles. The salon was held in Uppsalahemmet at Stora torget, where the Romantics Geijer and Atterbom, among others, gathered.

They offered the opportunity to listen to literature read aloud and to music. Debates were held, songs were sung and letters were read. Both Malla Silfverstolpe and Thekla Knös, who held the salon herself, have described these meetings in their respective diaries.

Malla Silfverstolpe had a knack for collecting and inviting talent, and the home hosted several famous people, such as Jenny Lind, H.C. Andersen and C.J.L. Almqvist. Malla Silfverstolpe took part in the controversy surrounding Almqvist's book Det går an (1839) with the countersign Månne det går an? (1840).

 

Burial site: 0104-0249

Image description: Malla Silfverstolpe 1850s. Photo: Unknown photographer / Wikimedia Commons. [The image is cropped]
Click here for an uncropped image

 

 

Erik Gustaf Geijer

1783-1847.

Historian, philosopher, author and composer.

Erik Gustaf Geijer, one of Uppsala's greatest cultural personalities of all time, was born in Ransäter in Värmland and came to Uppsala as a student in 1799. As an informant, he spent 1809-1810 in England where he carefully observed social and cultural life.

Geijer's understanding of the intellectuals' criticism increased during a trip to Germany in 1825, and he began to take a more realistic approach to the fantasies of Romanticism. He expressed this in Minnen (1834).

Geijer realized the importance of the middle class in society and the legitimacy of its demands for freedom, and as a result of the changed social analysis there was a political reorientation away from conservatism. He announced this 'apostasy' in 1838.

Geijer's ability to see and formulate the essential contexts of his time made him a strong voice in opinion-forming. Among his most significant works are Svea Rikes hävder (1825), which depicts Sweden's oldest history, and History of the Swedish People (1832-1836).

Geijer was a brilliant lecturer, a profound scholar and one of the leaders of the literary circles in Uppsala in the 1830s. He was also at the center of musical life, composing songs, piano sonatas, string quartets and other instrumental music.

Erik Gustaf Geijer was a professor of history from 1817 to 1847 and became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1824. He lived at Svartbäcksgatan 17 and then moved to Övre Slottsgatan 2. In 1846 Geijer moved to Stockholm.

The following is taken from the poem "Natthimmelen" from Samlade skrifter, Band 1-13 1849-1855.

Alone I progress on my path,
longer and longer the road stretches;
Alas, my goal is hidden in the distance.
Daylight is fading. Space becomes nocturnal.
Soon only the eternal stars I see.

But I do not complain about the day,
I am not dismayed by the coming night;
for of the love that goes through the world,
a streak also fell into my soul.

 

Burial site: 0104-0248

Image description: Erik Gustaf Geijer, lithograph from the 1840s. Photo: Wikimedia Commons. [The image is cropped]
Click here for an uncropped image